Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system. Their interfaces are completely understood by external system for interfacing, communication and exchange of data at present or in the future implementations or access, without any restrictions.
Interooerability was initially defined for information systems has now extended broadly into social, political, and organizational systems providing coherent services for users.
These systems may have individual components that are technically different and managed by different organizations, but they can work together with open interfaces.
Types :
two or more systems use a common data formats and communication protocols and are capable of communicating with each other, they exhibit syntactic interoperability.
XML , JSON, and SQL are examples of common data formats and protocols.
Similarly lower-level data formats contribute to syntactic interoperability, ensuring that alphabetical characters are stored in the same ASCII or a Unicode format in all the communicating systems.
Beyond the ability of two or more computer systems to exchange information, semantic interoperability is the ability to automatically interpret the information exchanged meaningfully and accurately in order to produce useful results as defined by the end users of both systems.
To achieve semantic interoperability, both sides must refer to a common information exchange reference model.
Cross-domain interoperability involves multiple social, organizational, political, legal entities working together for a common interest and/or information exchange.
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